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HOME >> API >> API List 4 >> Dihydrocodeine Hydrogen Tartrate >> Drug Description

DRUG DESCRIPTION
Dihydrocodeine hydrogen tartrate CAS Number:5965-13-9

Dihydrocodeine, also called DHC, Drocode, Paracodeine and Parzone and by the brand names of Synalgos DC, Panlor DC, Panlor SS, Contugesic, SS Bron, Drocode, Paracodin, Codidol, Didor Continus, Dicogesic, Codhydrine, Dekacodin, DH-Codeine, Didrate, Dihydrin, Hydrocodin, Nadeine, Novicodin, Rapacodin, Rikodeine,Fortuss, Remedeine, Dico, and DF-118 amongst others (e.g. PARAMOL), is a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic developed in Germany in the first decade of the 20th Century and put on the market in 1911. It is prescribed for postoperative pain, severe dyspnea, or as an antitussive. Dihydrocodeine tartrate is also present in co-dydramol. In some countries, controlled-release dihydrocodeine and/or the immediate release forumulations are used as an alternative to methadone in treatment of opioid dependency and addiction.

Commonly available as tablets, solutions, elixirs, and other oral forms, dihydrocodeine is also available in some countries as an injectable solution for deep subcutaneous and intra-muscular administration. Intravenous administration could be dangerous due to pulmonary oedema and the potential of anaphylaxis as it is with codeine. At one time in the past and possibly now, dihydrocodeine suppositories also existed.

Dihydrocodeine is used as an alternative to or incrementation on codeine for the above mentioned spectrum of situations. It is available as the following salts, in rough descending order of frequency of use: bitartrate, phosphate, hydrochloride, tartrate, hydroiodide, methyliodide, hydrobromide, and sulfate. The salt to free base conversion factors are 0,67 for the bitartrate, 0,73 for the phosphate, and 0,89 for the hydrochloride.

Dihydrocodeine was developed during the intense international search for more effective antitussives, especially to help reduce the airborne spread of tuberculosis, pertussis, pneumonia, and similar diseases, in the years from c.a. 1895 to 1915, and is similar in chemical structure to codeine. Depending on individual metabolism, dihydrocodeine is 100 to 150 percent as strong as codeine[citation needed]. Although dihydrocodeine does have extremely active metabolites, in the form of dihydromorphine and dihydromorphine-6-glucuronide (one hundred times more potent), these metabolites are produced in such small amount that they do not have clinically important effects.

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