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Chemicals >> Dimethylamine
Dimethylamine
CAS NO. 506-59-2
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
DIMETHYLAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE
EINECS NO. 208-046-5
FORMULA (CH3)2NH·HCl
MOL WT. 81.55
H.S. CODE
TOXICITY Oral rat LD50: 1070 mg/kg
SYNONYMS Dimethylammonium chloride; Hydrochloric acid dimethylamine;
DERIVATION
CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE White to off-white crystalline free flowing powder
MELTING POINT 170 - 173 C
BOILING POINT Decomposes
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.045
SOLUBILITY IN WATER Soluble
AUTOIGNITION
pH 6.0 - 6.5 (5.0% sol.)
VAPOR DENSITY
NFPA RATINGS Health: 3 ; Flammability: 4 ; Reactivity: 0
REFRACTIVE INDEX
FLASH POINT
STABILITY Stable under orginary conditions
GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS
Amine is a group of basic organic compounds derived from ammonia (NH3) by
replacement of one (primary amines), two (secondary amines), or three
(tertiary amines) hydrogen atoms by alkyl, aryl groups or organic radicals.
Amines, like ammonia, are weak bases because the unshared electron pair of
the nitrogen atom can form a coordinate bond with a proton. Amines react
with acids to give salts and with acid anhydrides (or ester ) to form
amides. They react with halogenoalkanes to form longer chains.
Many amines are not only bases but also nucleophiles that form a variety of
electrophile compounds. They are important intermediates for chemical
syntheses due to the basic functionality of the nitrogen atom and
electrophilic substitution at nitrogen. Some examples of compounds obtained
by reaction of amines are:
* Amides (by reaction with acyl halides or ammonium carboxylate salts)
* N-Alkyl amines (by reaction with halogenoalkanes)
* Isocyanates (by reaction with phosgene)
* Carbamoyl chlorides or Urea derivatives (by reaction with phosgene)
* Alkoxylated amines (by reaction alkylene oxide)
* Quaternary ammonium compounds (by reaction with alkyl halides and dialkyl
sulfates)
* N-Alkylcarbamic acids or N,N'- Dialkyl ureas (by reaction with carbon
dioxide)
* Urea derivatives (by reaction with isocyanates)
* Schiff bases (by reaction with aldehydes or ketones)
* Aminopropionitriles (by reaction of 1° and 2° amines with acrylonitrile)
* N-Alkylamino acids (by reaction of 1° and 2° amines with monochloroacetic
acid or with unsaturated acids)
* Amine oxides (by reaction of 3° amines with hydrogen peroxide)
* Sulfonamide derivatives (by reaction of 1° and 2° amines with
benzenesulfonyl chloride)
Low molecular amine names are formed by adding '-amine' as a suffix to the
name of the parent compound. In substitutive nomenclature, the prefix
'amino-' is placed before the name of the parent compound to denote the
functional group in high molecular amines. Synthetic amines are made mostly
by reaction of alcohols with ammonia, catalyzed by metals( nickel or copper)
or metal oxide at high temperature. Many methods have been devised for the
synthesis of the amines; reacting ammonia with an alkyl halide and
neutralizing the resulting alkyl ammonium salt with an alkali, e.g., sodium
hydroxide. This procedure yields a mixture of primary, secondary, and
tertiary amines that is easily separated into its three components by
fractional distillation; boiling methyl isocyanate with caustic potash,
heating the alkyl iodides with ammonia; reduction of nitriles with alcohol
and sodium; heating the esters of nitric acid with alcoholic ammonia;
reducing on nitro-paraffms; action of zinc and hydrochloric acid on aldehyde
ammonias; reduction of the phenylhydrazones and oximes of aldehydes and
ketones with sodium amalgam in the presence of alcohol and sodium acetate;
action of dilute hydrochloric acid on the isonitriles; heating the mustard
oils with a mineral acid, by the hydrolysis of the alkyl phthalimides.
Primary amines contain the functional group -NH2 (called amino group) and
are converted into secondary and tertiary amines if heated with alkyl or
aryl iodides. Primary amines form various oxidation products violently with
concentrated nitric acid. If the amines are acetylated, they form nitro
derivatives with concentrated nitric acid. Primary amines form diazonium
salts with nitrous acid in cold solution in the presence of excess of
mineral acid. Or a diazoamine is obtained in absence of excess of acid.
Other reactions are condensation products with aldehydes; forming anilides;
forming alkyl thioureas; yielding isonitriles with alcoholic potash and
chloroform.
Tertiary amines combine with one molecular proportion of an alkyl iodide to
form quaternary ammonium salts in which a central nitrogen atom is joined to
four organic radicals and one acid radical. Quaternary ammonium salts are
used as corrosion inhibitor, emulsifying and antiseptic agents. Aliphatic
amines which have the lowest carbon content are water-soluble gases or
liquids of low boiling point also readily soluble in water in case of the
next low carbon content. But aliphatic amines which have the high carbon
content are odourless solids of high boiling point and are insoluble in
water. They are all bases and easily form salts with the mineral acids and
double salts with the halogenoalkanes. Amine Salts are crystalline
substances that are readily soluble in water. Many insoluble alkaloids (e.g.
quinine and atropine) are used medicinally in the form of soluble salts. If
alkali (sodium hydroxide) is added to solutions of such salts the free amine
is liberated. Short chain alkyl amines are used as raw materials of solvent,
alkyl alkanolamines, and ingredients of rocket fuels.
They are used to make other organic chemicals including rubber
vulacanization accelerators, pesticides, quaternary ammonium compounds,
photographic chemicals, corrosion inhibitors, explosives, dyes and
pharmaceuticals. They are used in rayon and nylon industry to improve the
tensile strength.
Allylamines are used as intermediates for ion exchange resins,
pharmaceuticals, water soluble polymers, herbicide softeners, rubber
chemicals, polymerization initiators and cross-linking agents. Amines are
used as reducing agents for the recovery of precious metals. They are
versatile intermediates. They have active applications in organic synthesis
for polymerization catalyst, chain extender in urethane coatings,
agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, photographic, heat stabilizers,
polymerization catalysts, flame-retardants, blowing agents for plastics,
explosives, and colorants. Long chain alkyl amines are used for the
synthesis of organic chemicals and surfactants used as a corrosion
inhibitor, detergent, ore floating agent, fabric softener, anti-static
agent, germicide, insecticide, emulsifier, dispersant, anti-caking agent,
lubricant and water treatment agent. Alkyl tertiary Amines are used as fuel
additives and preservatives.
They have similar applications with long chain alkyl amines.
Hexamethylenediamine used in the manufacture of nylon-6,6 is prepared by
catalytic addition of hydrogen to nitriles. Aromatic amines also exist, such
as phenylamine, which are important for the production of diazonium salts.
They dissociate in water (some very weakly). Aromatic amines are much weaker
bases than the aliphatics. One of the most important aromatic amines is
aniline; pale brown liquid boiling at 184 C, melting at -6 C. Aniline is
obtained commercially from chlorobenzene by heating with ammonia in the
presence of copper catalyst or from a product of coal tar (nitrobenzene)
through the reduction reaction. Aniline is the starting material in the dye
manufacturing industry and as in the manufacture of others. Aniline is
converted into sulfanilic acid which is the parent compound of the sulfa
drugs.
Aniline is also important in the manufacture of rubber-processing chemicals,
antioxidants and varnishes. Amines take part in many kinds of chemical
reactions and offer many applications include in agrochemicals, dyestuffs
(the best known being aniline), pharmaceuticals, and corrosion inhibitors.
Dimethylamine HCl is a solid form of alkylamine. It is possibly used as an
intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals such as analgesic (tramadol),
anti-hypertensive (amlodipine), histamine H2-receptor antagonist
(ranitidine), anti-diabetic drug (metformin.
SALES SPECIFICATION
APPEARANCE
White to off-white crystalline free flowing powder
ASSAY 99.0% min
WATER 1.0% max
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