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Tyramine



Tyramine is a compound known as an amine found in many foods, produced from the natural breakdown of the amino acid, tyrasine. Tyramine can cause blood vessels to dilate, and this may be what starts the migraine chain-reaction in some people.

Tyramine is a vaso-active amino acid found in foods. It precipitates headaches in some sufferers. It is an intermediate product in the conversion of tyrosine (an amino acid present in many proteins) to epinephrine (an active hormone produced by the inner portion of the adrenal gland).

Foods that contain tyramine may trigger headaches in migraineurs by facilitating a chain reaction which results in selective cerebral vasoconstriction followed by rebound dilation of the cranial vessels (the most common cause of the throbbing headache pain). This sequence of events is implicated in migraine headache.

Some of the foods containing tyramine are aged cheese, nuts, herring, and chicken livers. A more complete diet listing is available to members of the Foundation. Foods with high concentration of tyramine are contraindicated with MAO1-type antidepressants.

Tyramine is a common ingredient in over-the-counter fat loss supplements because of its ability to increase dopamine levels, and provide energy through the release of norephinephine - adrenalin.

Tyramine helps to induce fat loss by increasing adrenalin secretion, by increasing muscular glucose uptake in the absence of simple carbohydrates, thus eliminating or reducing the need for rises in insulin levels.

For the dieting athlete, tyramines ability to increase glucose uptake in the absence of simple carbohydrate means that insulin spikes can be avoided and muscle glycogen stores can be restored post-exercise.

Elevated insulin levels can lead to decreases in growth hormone, IGF-1 and testosterone levels. Within the context of high bodyfat percentages, elevated insulin levels will lead to a decrease in protein synthesis, and an increase in muscular atrophy. Not good. Dieting athletes know that controlling insulin is key to becoming and staying lean.

Tyramine affects blood pressure, although clinical research demonstrates that its effects upon blood pressure are mixed. Any effects of tyramine on blood pressure is believed to result from tyramines conversion into octopamine and synephrine.

Several trials have demonstrated that tyromine can be lipogenic - fat forming - and can reduce the breakdown of fat. Again, clinical research has not fully explored these findings and further research is needed to understand fully the relationship between tyramine administration and lipogenesis.

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